a place full
of stuff

Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
Machine Making
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Abstract:
Automated Fabrication is now an industry-leading system. It has smoothened
the complexity of technology. Automated Fabrication can also be described as
Robotic Fabrication. This system is now showing the advancement in research.
The digital design depends on automated fabrications, which are applicable in
Architecture, construction, and product design. It has helped the advanced level of
system design, security system design, and more. Different types of robots are in
cooperation in this system of automation. Automated Fabrication has shown a new
era in technological advancement. It has drastically changed the construction field
also.
KUKA robots are an amazing blend for exceptional choices in the structure and
creation of exact, lightweight, and modest parts from a wide scope of various
materials. Robots in assembling help to make occupations by restoring
additionally producing work. Robots shield laborers from dreary, unremarkable
and hazardous undertakings, while likewise making progressively alluring
employments, for example, building, programming, the board, and gear upkeep.
Robotics has changed the world and the system as well as the outcome of the work
with its technology. It has broadened the use of intelligent systems in architecture,
private sectors, secret sectors, and health care.
Robotics technology in fabrication is changing the manner in which planners
approach their structures. This innovation isn’t only a fleeting sensation—it will
before long become a major piece of the design procedure. Similarly to the
creation of ultra-solid Portland concrete and imaginative Building Information
Modeling (BIM) software drastically improved the manner in which we plan and
develop structures, apply autonomy will have a similarly basic job in our industry.
Modelers who grasp this fascinating and dynamic innovation currently will be
better prepared to plan the most proficient structures of things to come. Thus
Robotics has changed this world of innovation.
Human-robot coordinated effort is changing mechanical creation and
assembling in the production line of things to come. It is bringing definitive
results.
Human-Machine collaboration creates maximum comfort and flexibility in
production and industry. HRC gives relief to employees of complex work by its
automated process. It reduces the risks of injuries and infections during working
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
time. KUKA KR 30 L16 modern robot: these robots apply the damping material
and open entryways and seals. The industry has moved from manual
manufacturing to thorough robotization. The jump has been an enormous one,
with gigantic decreases in labor and colossal increments in yield, and innovation
will keep on driving the industry forward. Human-machine platforms are now
working together to bring better results. It is making impossible things possible
indeed. The modern world depends on human-machine collaboration platforms for
advanced levels of innovation and application.
Keywords: Automated Fabrication, Robotics, Laws of Robot, Application of
Robotics, Human-Machine Collaboration Platforms, KUKA.
1.1 “AUTOMATED FABRICATION ”
Automated Fabrication can be defined as Robotic Fabrication now a day. The
advancement of Numerically Controlled (NC) machines and the rising ubiquity of
the PC both realized the main mechanical robots. The soonest known modern
robot that fits into the ISO meaning of the term was made by Griffith “Bill” P.
Taylor in 1937 and showed up in Meccano Magazine the next year.
It was a crane-like plan that pre-owned Meccano parts and was fueled by a
solitary electric engine. It had five tomahawks of development, including a get
and snatch pivot. The robot was robotized using paper tape with punches in it to
stimulate solenoids. This would make development in the control switches.
This first robot could stack wooden squares in quite a while customized by the
paper tape. George Devol set the primary modern robot patent in 1954. His robot
had the option to move objects starting with one point then onto the next inside a
separation of 12 feet or less. He established an organization called Unimation in
1956 to construct the robot and instituted the expression “All-inclusive
Automation.”
Unimation made UNIMATE in 1962, which was the principal robot to be
executed by a significant producer. General Motors started utilizing it in their New
Jersey plant that equivalent year. In 1969, Victor Scheinman created the Stanford
arm at Stanford University. This was an all-electric 6-pivot enunciated robot.
This new innovation opened up opportunities for producers to utilize robots in
get together and welding assignments. He later offered his structures to
Unimation, which at that point created them close by General Motors.
In the interim, ASEA over in Europe built up the ASEA IRB in 1975 that was
the main completely electrically determined robot. It was likewise the main
microchip controller robot that utilized Intel’s first chipset. In 1978, Vicarm and
Unimation discharged the PUMA robot arm, with help from General engines. This
arm was initially utilized in mechanical production systems is as yet utilized today
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
by specialists in apply autonomy. At last, OTC Japan discharged the original of
devoted circular segment welding robots in 1979.
From 1980 on, the pace of new apply autonomy began to climb exponentially.
Takeo Kanade made the main mechanical arm with engines introduced
straightforwardly in the joint in 1981. It was a lot quicker and more exact than its
antecedents. Yaskawa America Inc. presented the Motorman ERC control
framework in 1988. This has the ability to control up to 12 tomahawks, which was
the most elevated number conceivable at that point. FANUC mechanical
technology likewise made the principal model of a wise robot in 1992. After two
years, in 1994, the Motorman ERC framework was moved up to help up to 21
tomahawks. The controller expanded this to 27 tomahawks in 1998 and added the
capacity to synchronize up to four robots.
The primary community robot (cobot) was introduced at Linatex in 2008. This
Danish provider of plastics and elastic chose to put the robot on the floor, rather
than locking it behind a security fence. Rather than recruiting a software engineer,
they had the option to program the robot through a touchscreen apparatus.
It was obvious starting thereon, this was the method of things to come.
Today many robots are collaborating with humans together for robotic printing,
fabricating, or assembling technology. It is creating a man-machine bridge in the
field of architectural design thinking, machine thinking to the construction of
complex geometry.
What’s Next?
The industry has moved from manual manufacturing to thorough robotization.
The jump has been an enormous one, with gigantic decreases in labor and colossal
increments in yield, and innovation will keep on driving the industry forward.
1.2 “ ROBOTICS ”
“Robot” evokes an assortment of pictures, from R2D2 and C3PO of Star Wars
fame; to human-like machines that exist to serve their makers (maybe as the
cooking and cleaning Rosie in the famous cartoon arrangement the Jetsons); to
the Rover Sojourner, which investigated the Martian scene as a major aspect of
the Mars Pathfinder crucial. A few people may, on the other hand, see robots as
perilous mechanical endeavors that will some time or another lead to the death of
mankind, either by outfoxing or outmuscling us and assuming control over the
world, or by transforming us into totally innovation subordinate creatures who
inactively sit by and program robots to do the entirety of our work. Truth be told,
the primary utilization of “robot” happened in a play about mechanical men that
are worked to chip away at industrial facility sequential construction systems and
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
that defy their human bosses. These machines in R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal
Robots), composed by Czech writer Karl Capek in 1921, got their name from the
Czech word for slave.
“Robotics” was additionally begotten by an author. Russian-brought into the
world American sci-fi essayist Isaac Asimov initially utilized the word in 1942 in
his short story “Runabout.” Asimov had a lot more splendid and increasingly
hopeful assessment of the robot’s job in human culture than did Capek. He for the
most part portrayed the robots in his short stories as supportive workers of man
and saw robots as “a superior, cleaner race.
1.2.1 “ LAWS OF ROBOTICS ”
Asimov likewise proposed three “Laws of Robotics” that his robots, just as
science fiction mechanical characters of numerous different stories followed:
Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm.
Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
1.2.2 “ WHAT IS EXACTLY A ROBOT? ”
This actually turns out to be a rather difficult question. Several definitions
exist, including the following:
Robot Institute of America said in 1979 that,
“A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,
parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks.”
Webster’s Dictionary explained that,
“An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a
machine in the form of a human.”
1.2.3 “ ROBOTICS & ITS APPLICATIONS”
Robotics is a part of the engineering that includes the origination, structure,
production, and activity of robots. This field covers hardware, software
engineering, man-made brainpower, mechatronics, nanotechnology, and
bioengineering.
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
Robotic arms, which can play out various errands, for example, welding,
cutting, lifting, arranging, and twisting, are utilized in textures. The most regularly
utilized designs of modern robots are Articulated Robots.
Articulated Robots: An explained robot is one, which utilizes rotational joints
to get to its workspace.
In the present current armed force mechanical autonomy is a significant factor,
which is looked into and created step by step. The effectively striking achievement
has been accomplished with unmanned airborne vehicles like the Predator ramble,
which are fit for taking observation photos, and even precisely propelling rockets
at ground focuses, without a pilot. There are numerous preferences in mechanical
innovation in fighting nonetheless, as laid out by Major Kenneth Rose of the US
Army’s Training and Doctrine Command: ”Machines don’t get worn out. They
don’t close their eyes. They don’t stow away under trees when it downpours and
they don’t converse with their buddies. A human’s tender loving care careful
obligation drops drastically in the initial 30 minutes – Machines know no fear.”
To say about the Intelligent Home Applications system, we can screen home
security, ecological conditions, and vitality utilization with smart mechanical
home frameworks. Entryway and windows can be opened naturally and machines,
for example, lighting and cooling can be pre-customized to enact. This helps
inhabitants independent of their condition of versatility.
In Industry, from the start of the modern unrest mechanical technology and
computerization turns into the most significant piece of assembling. Mechanical
arms, which can play out numerous assignments, for example, welding, cutting,
lifting, arranging and bowing, are utilized in textures.
Health Service: Under advancement is an automated suite that will empower
Medical caretakers to lift patients without harming their backs. Researchers in
Japan have built up a force helped suit which will give nurture the additional
muscle they have to lift their patients – and maintain a strategic distance from the
back wounds.
1.2.4 “ MODERN ROBOTS ”
The most ordinarily utilized setups of modern robots are:
Articulated Robots, which is an enunciated robot is one, which utilizes rotational
joints to get to its workspace. Verbalized robots can run from straightforward twojointed structures to frameworks with at least 10 connecting joints. The six-hub
explained robot is the most adaptable mechanical robot, which takes into
consideration a significant level of opportunity.
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
Cylindrical Coordinate Robots have three degrees of opportunity and they
move straightly just along the Y and Z tomahawks with a cylindrical work
envelop.
Scara Robots represents Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm or
Selective Compliant Articulated Robot Arm. SCARA robots for the most part
have four tomahawks as any X-Y-Z facilitate inside their work envelope and the
fourth hub of movement, which is the wrist pivot (Theta-Z).
Spherical Coordinate Robots have the spherical arm, otherwise called polar
facilitate the robot arm, makes them slide movement and two rotational, around
the vertical post and around a shoulder joint.
Cartesian Coordinate Robots have rectangular arms are here and there called
“Cartesian” in light of the fact that the arm’s tomahawks can be portrayed by
utilizing the X, Y, and Z organize framework. It is asserted that the Cartesian plan
will create the most exact developments.
A Delta robot comprises three arms associated with general joints at the base.
The key structure include is the utilization of parallelograms in the arms, which
keeps up the direction of the end effector. The Delta robot has well-known use in
picking and bundling in manufacturing plants.
KUKA robots are an amazing blend for exceptional choices in the structure and
creation of exact, lightweight and modest parts from a wide scope of various
materials.
Robots in assembling help to make occupations by restoring additionally
producing work. Robots shield laborers from dreary, unremarkable and hazardous
undertakings, while likewise making progressively alluring employments, for
example, building, programming, the board and gear upkeep.
Robotics has changed the world and the system as well as the outcome of the
work with its technology. It has broadened the use of intelligent systems in
architecture, private sectors, secret sectors, and health care.
Robotics technology in fabrication is changing the manner in which planners
approach their structures. This innovation isn’t only a fleeting sensation—it will
before long become a major piece of the design procedure. Similarly as the
creation of ultra-solid Portland concrete and imaginative Building Information
Modeling (BIM) software drastically improved the manner in which we plan and
develop structures, apply autonomy will have a similarly basic job in our industry.
Modelers who grasp this fascinating and dynamic innovation currently will be
better prepared to plan the most proficient structures of things to come.
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
1.3 “ HUMAN MACHINE COLLABORATION PLATFORMS ”
The human-robot joint effort, human and machine work inseparably. The
human administrator controls and screens creation, the robots play out the truly
exhausting work. Both contribute to their particular capabilities. In human-robot
collaboration, the robot helps the human administrator. This implies: The machine
doesn’t supplant the human, however, supplements his abilities and calms him of
burdensome assignments. These can incorporate overhead work, for instance, or
the lifting of substantial burdens. Independent, collective robots are likewise used
to gracefully create workstations, remembering for KUKA’s own creation office.
In the production line of things to come, there is no partition among
mechanized and manual workstations. People and robots team up ideally –
without division and without wellbeing fencing.
KUKA has built up the primary robots that are endorsed for human-robot
coordinated effort (HRC): the KUKA LBR iisy and KUKA LBR iiwa. They
utilize shrewd control innovation, superior sensors, and best in class programming
advancements – and hence empower completely new community-oriented
arrangements underway innovation. Thusly, even the most troublesome errands
that have recently been performed physically would now be able to be
computerized cost-viably.
HRC-proficient robots, for example, the KUKA LBRs are rendered versatile
and fit for performing various assignments deftly utilizing portable stages, for
example, the KUKA flexFellow. They would thus be able to be exclusively
conveyed at whatever area and for whatever reason compares to your creation
necessities – subject to the necessary group size, for instance. Moreover, LBR iisy
and LBR iiwa offer you the most extreme adaptability by methods for supposed
unconstrained mechanization: They ideally bolster you as a collaborator on
account of remaining burden pinnacles and asset bottlenecks in your creative
tasks.
Albeit applied HRC is as yet a youthful field, it is one in which KUKA has just
had the option to get a lot of commonsense experience and actualize genuine
arrangements. Take BMW in Dingolfing, for instance. Where in the past laborers
needed to lift and join substantial slope gears for front-hub gear units independent,
they presently cooperate with their delicate robot associate, the LBR iiwa,
connected at the hip in limited spaces – totally without wellbeing fencing and in
their standard environmental factors.
The LBR iiwa is the world’s first arrangement created touchy, and subsequently
HRC-good, robot. LBR means “Leichtbauroboter” (German for lightweight
robot), iiwa for “astute mechanical work aide”. This signals the start of another
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
period in modern, touchy mechanical autonomy – and establishes the frameworks
for inventive and practical creation forms. This opens up the chance of new
applications and the way is cleared for more prominent cost-viability and most
extreme effectiveness. The collective and touchy LBR iiwa robot is accessible in
two forms with payload limits of 7 and 14 kilograms.
The KUKA flexFELLOW is an adaptable, portable answer for the mechanical
get-together. The robot unit can without much of a stretch be brought to the site of
activity where it is rapidly prepared for use. It can work securely with people even
in the most bound spaces – a perfect blend of cutting edge mechanical autonomy
and human skill.
1.3.1 “ ADVANTAGES OF HUMAN – MACHINE COLLABORATION ”
Human-robot coordinated effort is changing mechanical creation and
assembling in the production line of things to come and bringing definitive focal
points which are described below.
Human-Machine collaboration creates maximum comfort and flexibility in
production and industry.
HRC gives relief to employees of complex work by its automated process.
It reduces the risks of injuries and infections during working time.
KUKA KR 30 L16 modern robot: these robots apply the damping material and
open entryways and seals.
KUKA straight units extend the workspace of mechanical robots and in this way
empower the preparing of various vehicle models.
KUKA framework innovation is the application frameworks with different various
spouts that apply the material, and the relating estimation, control and transport
frameworks from KUKA guarantee smooth activity.
To decrease the strain on the laborers, two KUKA LBR iiwas play out the
ergonomic errand of changing haze lights at Ford. Corresponding to this, human
associates can alter the primary headlights.
Human-Robot collaborating platforms like KUKA has enormous strength to bring
more comfort to workers brings productivity, reduces stains, reduces risks and
most of all it has a lot more application in the fields like digital design, robot
printing, which we cannot think without HRC, preferably KUKA Robots. It is
enhancing the aesthetics and solving problems by clay modeling, building
construction or just plastic printing, drawing and what not!
Architect Susmita Biswas Sathi
Abhijit Mojumder
Director
Guangzhou Mirage International Design Consultant CO., LTD.
1.4 References :
1.Robotic Force Printing: A Joint Workshop of MIT/ETH/TJ, Book by
Philip F. Yuan and Phillppe Block
2.http://www.robotiksistem.com/robotics_applications.html
3.Advanced Technology for Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials
and Structures. Edited by G.C. Sih, A.Carpinteri, G. Surace.
4. Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction. By Luca
Caneparo.
5. KUKA Movement: Freedom Struggle in Punjab, Documents, 1880-1903
A.D. By Jaswinder Singh.